Surface Rights refer to the ownership and entitlements associated with the surface area of land which grants the permission for the grantee to dig the surface for purposes such as constructing buildings and laying infrastructure. Without Surface Rights, some economically viable projects or infrastructure cannot be executed. In business valuation analysis, surface rights qualify as intangible assets because they can be recognised, separated and the associated economic benefits reliably measured. Intangible assets are a class of assets without physical form yet provide immense intrinsic value to the owners. To estimate the fair market value of surface rights, business valuation analysts apply techniques income, market and asset methods.